Discovery and identification of quality markers of Sparganii Rhizoma based on zebrafish thrombosis model / 中草药·英文版

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the quality marker (Q-Markers) of Sparganii Rhizoma against thrombus through an integration of investigations on its antithrombotic effect, content determination and spectrum-effect correlation analysis. Methods: Based on the concept of Q-Marker, Sparganii Rhizoma was investigated for the identification of chemical component. The pharmacological effects on arachidonic acid-induced thrombosis in zebrafish were also investigated. The material basis in ethanol extract was determined by HPLC-UV. Furthermore, the potential Q-Markers were analyzed and predicted according to the effect-chemical correlation analysis. Finally, the anti-thrombotic Q-Markers were verified through the anti-thrombotic test of monomer components. Results: The model of thrombosis zebrafish was established with larvae exposed to 100 µmol/L arachidonic acid for 1 h. Nine ingredients in Sparganii Rhizoma were identified as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid and isoferulic acid. According to the determination effect of zebrafish thrombosis model and HPLC content analysis results, all the other contents present positive correlation except 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and the P values of three representative potential Q-Markers (ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid) were 0.002, 0.001 and 0.026, respectively. Conclusion: Sparganii Rhizoma showed a dose-dependent effect on the recovery of reducing cardiac red blood cell on zebrafish model. Three phenolic acids (ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid) were proved to possess the anti-thrombotic effects which could be regarded as the potential Q-Markers for quality assessment of Sparganii Rhizoma.

Molecular Mechanism of Anti-thrombosis and Anti-platelet Aggregation of Sparganii Rhizoma Based on Integrated Pharmacological Platform / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To study on the molecular mechanism of anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis of Sparganii Rhizoma. Method: Based on the data information and analysis functions of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) database,TCM composition database and target database in TCM platform for integration of pharmacology,information of chemical compositions in Sparganii Rhizoma was retrieved,interaction network between potential targets of Sparganii Rhizoma and disease targets was built,and the key targets were enriched and calculated,the gene functions and pathways were analyzed,multidimensional relationship network of " herbal medicines-chemical components-key targets-key pathways" was built. Result: Active ingredients of Sparganii Rhizoma mainly included flavonoids and phenolic acids,such as mountain kaempferol,sanleng acid,linoleic acid,etc.Anti-thrombosis involved 202 key targets,including protein kinase Cδ(PRKCD),glucose kinase(GCK),(PRKAA2),adenosine ribonucleotide activated protein kinase α-2 catalytic subunit,etc;and it was related to the endocrine system,circulatory system,neurodegenerative diseases and other related biological processes and signal pathways.Anti-platelet aggregation involved 136 key targets,including PRKCD,cytochrome C oxidase protein 7C(COX7C),GCK,etc;and it was involved in Parkinson's disease,circulatory system,neurodegenerative diseases and other related biological processes and signal pathways. Conclusion: Sparganii Rhizoma regulates vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and platelet mitochondrial function mediated apoptosis of platelets mainly through regulating neurotransmitter activity in the central nervous system,in order to exert antithrombotic effect and anti-platelet aggregation effect.

Molecular Mechanism of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang in Treating Hypertension Based on Integrated Pharmacological Platform / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang in treating hypertension. Method:Based on an internet-based computation platform for integrated pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),TCM prescription database,TCM database,TCM component database and disease/symptoms target database,information on the chemical compositions contained in TCM was retrieved,an interaction network between potential targets and disease targets of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang was built,then core target was enriched and calculated,gene function and pathway analysis was carried out,the multi-dimensional relationship network of "Chinese herbs-ingredients-critical targets-key pathways" of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang was further constructed. Result:A total of 90 active ingredients in Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang were obtained,including alkaloids,nucleosides,flavonoids,saponins,organic acids and other ingredients;they involved 287 core targets,including 13 direct targets,such as adenylate cyclase,G protein coupled with β1 receptor,glucose kinase,etc;they also involved nervous system,endocrine system,circulatory system,estrogen signaling pathway,chemokine signaling pathway and other related biological processes and signaling pathways. Conclusion:Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang can regulate neurotransmitter concentration and activity abnormalities,improve the protective effect of vascular endothelial cells by improving insulin resistance,regulating the production of inflammatory factors,and inhibiting inflammatory reactions,thereby exerting pharmacological effects on the treatment of hypertension.This study can provide a scientific basis for comprehensive interpretation of mechanism of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang.

Immunochromatographic Assay for Detection of Imidaclothiz Based on Upconversion Fluorescence Labeling / 分析化学

A simple,rapid and sensitive upconversion immunochromatographic assay(UICA) was developed to detect imidaclothiz using NaYF4:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs) labeled with anti-imidaclothiz monoclonal antibody. The amino-modified UCNPs were conjugated with anti-imidaclothiz monoclonal antibody to prepare the UICA strip,which could realize the quantitative detection of imidaclothiz using a fluorescence photometer with an external 980 nm laser source. The working conditions of the UICA were systematically optimized, and the sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy were assessed by the studies of cross-reactivity (CR), spiked recovery and validation with HPLC. Under the optimal conditions (pH 8. 0, 0.3 mol/L NaCl,2.5% methanol and 0.2% PEG2000), the UICA could be completed in 25 min for the detection of imidaclothiz. The half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC50), limit of detection (IC10) and linear range (IC10-IC90) were 97.37 ng/mL,26.30 ng/mL and 26.30-363.08 ng/mL, respectively. The UICA had no CR with the analogues of imidaclothiz except for imidacloprid. The average spiked recoveries were 71.8%-97.2% with the relative standard deviations of 0.7%-10.7% in the matrices of paddy water, soil,pear,peach,wheat,cucumber,tomato and rice. The detection results of UICA for the authentic paddy water and pear samples were consistent with that of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Long-term effects of heme oxygenase 1 overexpression on post-infarction heart function in diabetic rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clarify the impact of increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression on cardiac function of diabetic rats with myocardial infarction and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 12): sham operation group (sham), diabetes + sham operation group (DM + sham), diabetes + MI group (DM + MI) , diabetes + myocardial infarction + cobalt original porphyrin (CoPP) group (DM + MI + CoPP), diabetes + myocardial infarction + CoPP+ tin porphyrin (SnMP) group (DM + MI + CoPP + SnMP). CoPP 4.5 mg/kg or SnMP 15 mg/kg were administered at the day next to MI operation, for six weeks, once a week. At the 28th week post operation, the echocardiography, left heart via the carotid artery indoor intubation were used to observe the long-term influence of HO-1 inducer (cobalt protoporphyrin, CoPP) and activity of HO inhibitor (tin porphyrin, SnMP) on the indices of left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function after the intervention. Blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum creatinine (Cr), aminotransferase (ALT) and other indicators were measured. ELISA was used to test interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2), adiponectin, and ultra sensitive CRP (HsCRP) level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HO-1 inducer, CoPP, could ameliorate ± dp/dtmax, left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction in diabetic myocardial infarction rats. It could also decrease left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. The serum bilirubin, NO and PGI2 levels, myocardial phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthasee(peNOS), phosphorylated activated protein kinase (pAkt), phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) expression were also significantly elevated, and the serum hs-CRP and TNF levels were significantly inhibited. Compared to inducer group, cardiac function were worse in the inhibitor group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Upregulated HO-1 level can improve the endothelial function, inhibite of the inflammatory response and enhance the antioxidant substances in serum bilirubin via peNOS-pAMPK pathway, which effectively inhibit ventricular remodeling and improve the long-term cardiac function after infarction in diabetic rats.</p>

Comparison of ELISA diagnostic kits used in China for hepatitis C virus IgG antibody detection / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the commercial diagnostic reagent available in China for hepatitis C virus ( HCV) IgG antibody detection in order to provide some useful information for HCV prevention.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The HCV-IgG detection reagents produced by six different Enterprises named A, B, C, D, E and F were chosen and applied to detect 160 HCV specious sera samples. HCV-IgG reagent from ABBOTT was adopted as gold-standard and the samples in gray zone were determined by RIBA method finally.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>160 sera samples comprised 88 positive samples and 72 negative samples. The total conformity ranged from 88.13% to 98.13% and the Youden indexes ranged from 0.74 to 0.96 when the reagents from six different Enterprises were compared with gold-standard. The highest conformity was 98.13%, observed in D reagent with the highest Youden index of 0.96.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The total conformity rates were more than 88% when the HCV-IgG antibody detection reagents from six different Enterprises were compared with ABBOTT reagent. It was highly conformable. However, some reagent proved to be less conformable in negative samples detection.</p>

Expression and purification of four single-stranded DNA-binding proteins and their binding on HCV RNA / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Express and purify four single-stranded DNA-binding (SSB) proteins, and evaluate the binding of SSB proteins on HCV RNA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression plasmids of four SSB proteins were conducted, termed TTH, SSOB, KOD and BL21, respectively. The BL21 (DE3) was transformed by the expression plasmid of TTH, Transetta (DE3) were transformed by the expression plasmid of SSOB, KOD and BL21, then protein expression was induced with IPTG, the expression products were analysised by SDS-PAGE. To evaluate the binding of SSB on HCV RNA, RNA-SSB protein complexes were applied to a 1.2% TAE agarose gel.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Suitable competent cells were transformed with the expression plasmids, induced by IPTG. SSB proteins were purified by affinity chromatography, to visualize their purity all SSB proteins were applied to SDS-PAGE analysis. All four proteins showed single clear bands. We have successfully obtained the SSB protein expression plasmid, expressed and purified SSB protein. TAE agarose gel electrophoresis was used to confirm SSB protein-RNA binding activity. The each of SSB-RNA complex migrated more slowly than the sole RNA, which suggested SSB protein could specifically bind to RNA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We have expressed and purified four SSB proteins, and for the first time found that SSB protein can bind HCV RNA. Our results may provide a basis for future studies of the novel functions of SSB proteins on RNA.</p>

Investigation on the difference of intolerance to food between southern and northern middle-aged Chinese and its association with eating habits / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of the present study was to investigate the difference of intolerance to food between southern and northern middle-aged Chinese, and furthermore analyze its association with eating habits in both study population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ELISA was applied to determine the serum concentrations of specific IgG of 14 food anaphylactogen in 1568 healthy subjects from totally 9 districts in both southern and northern China. Life style questionnaire was also applied to investigate the daily intake of six categorizes of food associated with food intolerance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>45.8% of all subjects were found to be intolerant to certain food. 62.3% of subjects from southern China and 40.4% of subjects from northern China were found to be intolerant to certain food, the difference between southern and northern Chinese was statistically significant. Top three foods intolerant by southern Chinese were crab, egg, and cold fish, while top three food intolerant by northern Chinese were egg, crab, and milk. The differences of intolerance to crab, cold fish, soy bean, rice, and tomato between southern and northern Chinese were statistically significant. Investigation on eating habits revealed that cereals and fish were the major food consumed by subjects in our study. There was no certain association between food intolerance and eating habits.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Considering that there are differences between southern and northern Chinese, southern and northern Chinese should pay attention to their daily food in order to avoid food allergy.</p>

Establishing a high-titer infectious avian influenza A (H5N1) pseudotyped viral particle / 病毒学报

A transient four-plasmid cotransfection system was used to construct avian influenza A (H5N1) pseudotyped viral particle (H5N1Pp) by incorporating hemagglutinin (HA) protein and neuraminidase (NA) protein from H5N1 avian influenza virus onto Murine leukemia virus pseudotyped viral particles, the transmission electron microscopy, infectivity titer assay, hemagglutination assay, neutralization assay of H5N1Pp were studied. We established a pseudotyped H5N1 viral particle at a high titer of 10(8) Pp/mL, the morphology,the hemagglutination activity and neutralization specificity of H5N1Pp is simililar to wild H5N1 virus. The research result sets a platform for studying this virus, including its receptors, the functional analysis of HA and NA, neutralizing antibodies and anti-H5N1 drug development.

Expression and purification of a novel thermophilic bacterial single-stranded DNA-binding protein and enhancement the synthesis of DNA and cDNA / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Express a novel species of single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) derived from Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1, abbreviated kod-ssb. And evaluate the effect of kod-ssb on PCR-based DNA amplification and reverse transcription.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We express kod-ssb with the Transrtta (DE3), and kod-ssb was purified by affinity chromatography on a Ni2+ Sepharose column, detected by SDS-PAGE. To evaluate the effect of kod-ssb on PCR-based DNA amplification, the human beta globin gene was used as template to amplify a 5-kb, 9-kb and 13-kb. And to detect the effect of kod-ssb on reverse transcription, we used RNA from flu cell culture supernatant extraction as templates to implement qRT-PCR reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The plasmid pET11a-kod was transformed into Transetta (DE3) and the recombinant strain Transetta (pET11 a-kod) was obtained. The kod-ssb was highly expressed when the recombinant strain Transetta(pET11a-kod) was induced by IPTG. The specific protein was detected by SDS-PAGE. To confirm that kod-ssb can enhance target DNA synthesis and reduce PCR by-products, 5-, 9-, and 13-kb human beta globin gene fragments were used as templates for PCR. When PCR reactions did not include SSB proteins, the specific PCR product was contaminated with non-specific products. When kod -ssb was added, kod-ssb significantly enhanced amplification of the 5-, 9-and 13-kb target product and minimised the non-specific PCR products. To confirm that kod-ssb can enhance target cDNA synthesis, RNA from flu cell culture supernatant extraction was used as templates for qRT-PCR reaction. The results was that when kod-ssb was added, kod-ssb significantly enhanced the synthesis of cDNA, average Ct value is 19.42, and the average Ct value without kod-ssb is 22.15.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>kod-ssb may in future be used to enhance DNA and cDNA amplification.</p>

Histological evaluation of cervical carcinomas in FIGO stage Ib2/IIa after neoadjuvant chemotherapy / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the histological changes of cervical cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and to establish histological criteria for interpretation of chemotherapeutical effects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-six patients with FIGO stage Ib2-IIa cervical cancers treated by NACT and subsequent radical surgery were retrospectively analyzed, in which the pre- and post-chemotherapeutic histopathological changes were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The post-chemotherapeutic histopathological changes of 56 cases included grade 3 effects in 11 cases (19.6%), grade 2 in 24 cases (42.9%), grade 1 in 13 cases (23.2%) and no response in only 8 cases (14.3%). The histologic response rate was 62.5% (35/56) and the overall clinical response rate was 67.9% (38/56). The overall coincidence by both criteria was 78.6% (44/56). Four cases (7.1%, 4/56) had only histological response and 8 cases (14.3%, 8/56) had response by imaging. In comparison with the pre-chemotherapy specimens, the chemotherapy-associated histological changes included shrinkage and scattering of tumor nests,decrease of tumor cellularity,tumor cell degeneration and necrosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The histological changes in locally advanced cervical cancers induced by NACT are significant, which may challenge the diagnosis in the final specimens. There are some discreqancies between the histological criteria and imaging/gynecological ones for the therapeutic evaluation of cervical cancers,and it is thus recommended to use the pathological criteria for clinic practice.</p>

Epidemiologic and therapeutic status study of patients with hepatitis C / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the different infective mode, the time from be infectived to be diagnosed and the time from be diagnosed to be treated of patients with hepatitis C.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The different infective mode, the time from be infectived to be diagnosed and the time from be diagnosed to be treated of 216 patients with hepatitis C from march 2004 to march 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>72.22 percents patients suffered from post transfusion hepatitis C (PTHC) and 27.78 percents patients suffered from sporadic hepatitisC (SHC). 32.61 percents patients were diagnosed after be infectived 15-20 years later. 3.26 percents patients were diagnosed after be infectived more than 20 years later. 33.80 percents patients were treated after be diagnosed more than 5 years later. 17.13 percents patients were treated after be diagnosed 10-15 years later.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Most patients were infectived with hepatitis C by transfusing blood or blood products. Most patients were diagnosed after be infectived more than 15 years later. Almost half of patients were treated after be diagnosed more than 5 years later, and a significant portion of percents patients were treated after be diagnosed more than 10 years later.</p>

The effect of meloxicam on the inflammatory reaction induced by beta amyloid protein in Alzheimer's disease rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect and mechanism of meloxicam on the inflammatory reaction induced by beta amyloid protein (AB) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat model was established by microinjection of Abeta(1-40) into hippocampus. The expression of NF-kappaB p65 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry. The content of GFAP in cortex was tested by Western-blot. The content of TNF-alpha in cortex was tested by ELISA. The expression of IL-1beta mRNA was tested by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of NF-kappaB p65, GFAP and TNF-alpha as well as IL-1beta mRNA were decreased by meloxicam.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Meloxicam can reduce the proliferation of astrocyte by decreasing the expression of GFAP in AD model rat's hippocampus and cortex. And the depression of NF-kappaB p65 may significantly decrease the expression of TNF-alpha1 and IL-1beta to lessen the inflammatory reaction in cerebral tissue.</p>

Clinicopathologic analysis of uterine epithelioid trophoblastic tumor / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype, differential diagnosis and prognosis of uterine epithelioid trophoblastic tumor(ETT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2000 to 2007, 5 ETTs cases were diagnosed in the affiliated Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University. The pathologic characteristics and immunophenotype of the tumors were analyzed by histological examination and immunohistochemistry of CK18, p63, inhibin-alpha, HCG, HPL, PLAP and Ki-67. The clinical prognostic factors were evaluated based on a following-up data with a period of 11 - 50 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall prevalence of ETT was 0.48% among all the gestational trophoblastic diseases patients received in the same period. Five ETT patients were in the reproductive ages with a median of 33 years. Histologically, the tumor showed an invasive, nodular growth consisting of uniform mononuclear trophoblastic cells. There were zones of hyaline material in the tumour nests. Necrosis was commonly seen with a characteristic geographic pattern. Immunohistochemically, all cases displayed a diffuse CK18 and p63 positivity, to be either positive focally or negative for HCG, HPL and PLAP staining. Inhibin-alpha staining was positive or negative either in the 5 cases. Two patients died of the tumour relapse: one died after 1 year with the tumor having a high mitotic activity (averagely 15 mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields), and the other died of lung metastasis 2 years after the diagnosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ETT is a rare trophoblastic disease with distinct clinicopathological features and immunostaining patterns. A high mitotic index and lung metastasis are indicators for an unfavorable prognosis.</p>

Clinical efficacy of Gengxueting and its effect on estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor in patients with hysteromyoma / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical efficacy of Gengxueting (GXT) in treating hysteromyoma and its effects on estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four hysteromyoma patients with surgical indication were equally assigned to the treated group and the control group. Patients in the treated group were treated with GXT one capsule every day for 90 consecutive days before surgical operation, while those in the control group were treated with surgery alone. Serum levels of reproductive hormones were determined in the follicular phase before medication and one day before operation by RIA, and colored Doppler ultrasound examination was conducted for measuring the size of uterus and myoma. Moreover the protein expressions of ER and PR in tumor and uterine muscular tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry assay with streptomycin avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the treated group after medication, the serum level of estradiol was (167.0 +/- 85.9) pmol/L, progesterone (1.9 +/- 1.0) nmol/L, follicle-stimulating hormone (10.4 +/- 2.1) IU/L, and luteinizing (12.0 +/- 9. 8) IU/L, all reached the levels of early follicular phase, with the maximal size of myoma significantly decreased from (380.4 +/- 21.0) cm3 to (162.3 +/- 14. 8) cm3 (P < 0.01); and the ER and PR expressions in tumor tissue were significantly lower than those in the control group respectively (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Expressions of ER and PR in hysteromyoma tissue could be significantly reduced by medication of GXT, which leads to significant shrinkage of tumor size and improvement of clinical symptoms.</p>

Protective effect of Naoyikang on the Alzheimer's disease model mice induced by D-galactose and NaNO2 / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the mechanisms of Naoyikang (Traditional Chinese Medicine) on the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) model mice induced by D-galactose (D-gal) and NaNO2.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-gal and NaNO2. The capacity of learning and memory was tested on mice with electrical maze; the content of nitric oxide (NO) and the activity of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), Na(+) -K(+) -ATP enzyme and Ca(2+) -ATP enzyme in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were assayed by biochemical methods; expression of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA was detested by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Naoyikang could ameliorate the capacity of learning and memory of AD model mice and reduce MAO-B activity in the brain tissue and activate the activity of Na(+) -K(+) -ATP enzyme and Ca(2+) -ATP enzyme in the brain tissue and decrease the expression of Bax mRNA, but increase the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in the model brain tissue.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Naoyikang could protect AD model mice induced by D-gal and NaNO2. It could modify the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitter in brain through reducing MAO-B activity and protect neurons by activating the activity of Na(+) -K(+) -ATP enzyme and Ca(2+) -ATP enzyme and decrease Bax expression and increase Bcl-2 expression in the model brain tissue.</p>

Effects of Chinese herb compound Naoyikang on expression of choline acetyltransferase in brain of rats with Alzheimer's disease / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Naoyikang (NYK) on expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in brain of rats with Alzheimer' s disease (AD).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Bilateral infusions of Ibotenic acid (IBO) into nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) using hamilton syringe and stereotaxic apparatus were adopted to establish the rat model of AD. After intragastrically administrated with different solution for 28 days, immunohistochemistry and Western-blot were adopted to study the expression of ChAT in frontal cortex of AD rats.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>NYK could improve the morphology and increase the number of ChAT immunoreactive neurons, and significantly promote ChAT protein expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NYK may be able to increase the synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) through elevating the expression of ChAT protein, thus improving the level of brain ACh so as to protect central cholinergic neurons.</p>

Expression of CD117 in human testicular germ cell tumors and its diagnostic value for seminoma and nonseminoma / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the expression of CD117 in human testicular germ cell tumors and its value in the differential diagnosis of seminoma and nonseminoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-four human testicular germ cell tumor specimens were studied by ABC kit immunohistochemical staining detection using CD117 monoclonal antibodies. The immunoreaction scores (IRS) of all the specimens were calculated and analysed for their clinical significance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 74 germ cell tumors, 31 out of 32 (9 6.9%) seminomas showed positive staining of the CD117 mostly on the cell membrane. Four of 31 (12.9%) nonseminomas displayed a weak positive staining of CD117 only in the cytoplasm of a few cells. In 10 of 11 mixed germ cell tumors, a relatively weak expression of CD117 was shown only in the seminoma component. The CD117 expression was diagnostically decreased from seminoma to mixed seminoma and to nonseminoma successively, with IRS of 6.82 +/- 2.76, 1.25 +/- 0.42 and 0.60 +/- 0.16, respectively. There was a significant difference in the CD117 expression between seminoma and nonseminoma (P < 0.05). CD 117 proteins were positively expressed in all the 20 specimens of the normal testis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The detection of CD117 by immunohistochemical staining using CD117 monoclonal antibodies is a newly developed useful method for differentiating seminoma and nonseminoma.</p>

Protective effect of Naoyikang on the damage induced by glutamate in hippocampal neuron / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the effect of Naoyikang serum on the damage induced by glutamate in hippocampal neuron.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Morphological observation, MTT assay and nuclear DNA-associated fluorescence with DAPI dye were applied to evaluate the viability of hippocampal neuron, immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR were used to determine the expression of PTEN.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A decreased viability and increased expression of PTEN were shown in hippocampal neuron in response to the treatment with glutamate. It was shown that the percentage of cell death and the expression of PTEN were reduced by the treatment with Naoyikang serum.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results suggest that Naoyikang may prevent the toxicity of glutamate by suppressing the expression of PTEN.</p>

Clinicopathologic analysis of 102 cases of mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumors of the uterus / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To study the clinical and pathologic features,histological criteria and pathologic factors contributing to diagnosis of mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumors(mixed m?llerian tumors,MMT)of the uterus.Methods A retrospective study of 102 cases of MMT of the uterus (74 adenofibromas including 9 recurrent cases,3 atypical polypoid adenomyomas,2 carcinofibromas,10 adenosareomas and 13 carcinosarcomas)was undertaken.Clinical records,gross features and tissue slices were reviewed.The follow-up data were analysed.Results The most common symptom was vaginal bleeding.Clinical signs included pelvic mass,uterine polyps,and enlarged uterus.Benign MMT usually presented as exophytic polypoid masses extending into the uterine cavity or protruding through the external os,often broad-based,lobulated and papillary.It was hard to distinguish low-grade malignant MMT from the benign ones by gross appearance.High-grade malignant MMT had the common gross features of carcinoma and sarcoma.Histologically,MMT showed a biphasic differentiation of mesenchymal and epithelial components.MMT were classified according to whether these elements were benign or malignant.Nine cases of adenofibroma without unique features for the diagnosis of adenosarcoma recurred at postoperative intervals of 3 to 96 months.Recurrent tumors were almost always confined to the original site.Conclusions Uterine MMT tumors according to WHO diagnostic criteria are not rare.The differential diagnosis depends on a multifactorial analysis.The recurrent adenofibromas may be a kind of borderline tumors with benign appearances and malignant behavior.